{"id":154,"date":"2019-08-28T10:31:25","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T18:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.emeralddesign.com\/?p=154"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:45:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T19:45:56","slug":"expand-storage-capacity-of-a-ubuntu-host-with-lvm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emeralddesign.com\/index.php\/2019\/08\/28\/expand-storage-capacity-of-a-ubuntu-host-with-lvm\/","title":{"rendered":"Expand storage capacity of a Ubuntu host with LVM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you need to expand the storage capacity of a full VM (use containers instead!) here is a great step by step guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geoffstratton.com\/expand-hard-disk-ubuntu-lvm\">http:\/\/www.geoffstratton.com\/expand-hard-disk-ubuntu-lvm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So you\u2019re running an Ubuntu server in a virtual machine, and now you need to add 20 GB of disk space to root (\/). There are quite a few ways to do this, and fortunately you\u2019re running the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tldp.org\/HOWTO\/LVM-HOWTO\/\">Logical Volume Manager<\/a>\u00a0(LVM) in Ubuntu, so the process isn\u2019t too bad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(This example uses Ubuntu Server 10.04, but it works for 12.04, 14.04, and 16.04 as well.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After you make the additional space available in VMWare\/Xen\/Hyper-V, first reboot your Ubuntu server so it can see the new free space (commenter Michal notes that you can avoid this restart by asking the kernel to rescan the disk with \u2018echo 1 > \/sys\/class\/block\/sda\/device\/rescan\u2019). Then we\u2019ll run the GNU partition editor to examine our disk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@myserver:\/# parted\nGNU Parted 2.2\nUsing \/dev\/sda\nWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.\n(parted) print free\nModel: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 42.5GB\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512B\/512B\nPartition Table: msdos \n \nNumber  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  Flags\n        32.3kB  32.8kB  512B              Free Space\n 1      32.8kB  255MB   255MB   primary   ext2         boot\n        255MB   255MB   8192B             Free Space\n 2      255MB   16.1GB  15.8GB  extended\n 5      255MB   16.1GB  15.8GB  logical                lvm\n 3      16.1GB  21.5GB  5365MB  primary\n        21.5GB  21.5GB  6856kB            Free Space \n        21.5GB  42.5GB  21.0GB            Free Space &lt;------<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can see your free space, so let\u2019s partition it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>$ cfdisk<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pick your free space, select New, then choose a Primary or Logical partition. For a small server, it probably doesn\u2019t matter too much, but remember in x86 Linux that you can have a maximum of 4 primary + extended partitions per disk. Beyond that, you\u2019ll need to begin adding logical partitions in your extended partitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select the Write command to create the partition, then (if necessary) reboot your system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When your system comes back up, check on your new partition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>fdisk -l \/dev\/sda\r\n \r\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 42.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes\r\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 2610 cylinders\r\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nDisk identifier: 0x000d90ee\r\n \r\n   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\r\n\/dev\/sda1   *           1          31      248832   83  Linux\r\nPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.\r\n\/dev\/sda2              31        1958    15476768    5  Extended\r\n\/dev\/sda3            1958        2610     5239185   83  Linux\r\n\/dev\/sda4            2610        3608    16815191   83  Linux &lt;-----\r\n\/dev\/sda5              31        1958    15476736   8e  Linux LVM <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So now let\u2019s pull it into our LVM configuration. First we\u2019ll create the physical volume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ pvcreate \/dev\/sda4\r\n  Physical volume \"\/dev\/sda4\" successfully created<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s take a look at our physical volumes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ pvdisplay\r\n \r\n  --- Physical volume ---\r\n  PV Name               \/dev\/sda5\r\n  VG Name               ubuntu-1004\r\n  PV Size               14.76 GiB \/ not usable 2.00 MiB\r\n  Allocatable           yes (but full)\r\n  PE Size               4.00 MiB\r\n  Total PE              3778\r\n  Free PE               0\r\n  Allocated PE          3778\r\n  PV UUID               f3tYaB-YCoK-ZeRq-LfDX-spqd-ggeV-gdsemo\r\n \r\n  --- Physical volume ---\r\n  PV Name               \/dev\/sda3\r\n  VG Name               ubuntu-1004\r\n  PV Size               5.00 GiB \/ not usable 401.00 KiB\r\n  Allocatable           yes\r\n  PE Size               4.00 MiB\r\n  Total PE              1279\r\n  Free PE               11\r\n  Allocated PE          1268\r\n  PV UUID               rL0QG1-OmuS-d4qL-d9u3-K7Hk-4a1l-NP3DtQ\r\n \r\n  \"\/dev\/sda4\" is a new physical volume of \"20.00 GiB\"\r\n  --- NEW Physical volume ---\r\n  PV Name               \/dev\/sda4\r\n  VG Name\r\n  PV Size               20.00 GiB\r\n  Allocatable           NO\r\n  PE Size               0\r\n  Total PE              0\r\n  Free PE               0\r\n  Allocated PE          0\r\n  PV UUID               uaJn0v-HbRz-YKv4-Ez83-jVUo-dfyH-Ky2oHV<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, extend our volume group (ubuntu-1004) into our new physical volume (\/dev\/sda4):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ vgextend ubuntu-1004 \/dev\/sda4\r\n  Volume group \"ubuntu-1004\" successfully extended<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The whole purpose of this exercise is to expand the root filesystem, so let\u2019s find our main logical volume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ lvdisplay\r\n \r\n  --- Logical volume ---\r\n  LV Name                \/dev\/ubuntu-1004\/root\r\n  VG Name                ubuntu-1004\r\n  LV UUID                UJQUwV-f3rI-Tsd3-dQYO-exIk-LSpq-2qls13\r\n  LV Write Access        read\/write\r\n  LV Status              available\r\n  # open                 1\r\n  LV Size                19.39 GiB\r\n  Current LE             1892\r\n  Segments               1\r\n  Allocation             inherit\r\n  Read ahead sectors     auto\r\n  - currently set to     256\r\n  Block device           254:0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, let\u2019s extend the logical volume to all free space available:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ lvextend -l+100%FREE \/dev\/ubuntu-1004\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, extend the filesystem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ resize2fs \/dev\/mapper\/ubuntu--1004-root<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, let\u2019s check our free space:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ df -h\r\nFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\r\n\/dev\/mapper\/ubuntu--1004-root\r\n                       39G   14G   24G  37% \/   &lt;---- \r\nnone                  495M  176K  495M   1% \/dev\r\nnone                  500M     0  500M   0% \/dev\/shm\r\nnone                  500M   36K  500M   1% \/var\/run\r\nnone                  500M     0  500M   0% \/var\/lock\r\nnone                  500M     0  500M   0% \/lib\/init\/rw\r\n\/dev\/sda1             228M  144M   72M  67% \/boot<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you need to expand the storage capacity of a full VM (use containers instead!) here is a great step by step guide: http:\/\/www.geoffstratton.com\/expand-hard-disk-ubuntu-lvm So you\u2019re running an Ubuntu server in a virtual machine, and now you need to add 20 GB of disk space to root (\/). There are quite a few ways to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Expand storage capacity of a Ubuntu host with LVM - Emerald Design<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Increase the storage capacity of a Ubuntu system using LVM\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emeralddesign.com\/index.php\/2019\/08\/28\/expand-storage-capacity-of-a-ubuntu-host-with-lvm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Expand storage capacity of a Ubuntu host with LVM - 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